http://fatkun.com/2011/05/mysql-alter-charset.html
修改数据库字符集：
ALTER DATABASE db_name DEFAULT CHARACTER SET character_name [COLLATE ...];
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把表默认的字符集和所有字符列（CHAR,VARCHAR,TEXT）改为新的字符集：
ALTER TABLE tbl_name CONVERT TO CHARACTER SET character_name [COLLATE ...]
如：ALTER TABLE logtest CONVERT TO CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci;
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只是修改表的默认字符集：
ALTER TABLE tbl_name DEFAULT CHARACTER SET character_name [COLLATE...];
如：ALTER TABLE logtest DEFAULT CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci;
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修改字段的字符集：
ALTER TABLE tbl_name CHANGE c_name c_name CHARACTER SET character_name [COLLATE ...];
如：ALTER TABLE logtest CHANGE title title VARCHAR(100) CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci;
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查看数据库编码：
SHOW CREATE DATABASE db_name;
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查看表编码：
SHOW CREATE TABLE tbl_name;
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查看字段编码：
SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM tbl_name;
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来源：http://www.diannaowa.com/index.php/archives/233
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